Patient movement, sensor displacement, and venous blood pooling corrupt optical photoplethysmography waveforms, creating false desaturation alarms. This study evaluates dual-wavelength multi-channel optical arrays paired with 3-axis accelerometer reference channels and adaptive Kalman filters.
By using 3-axis accelerometer signals as noise reference inputs, Least Mean Squares (LMS) and Normalized LMS adaptive filters attenuate rhythmic motion components by up to 28 dB.
Optimal adhesive tension maintains hydrostatic microvascular pressure, preventing venous pulsation artifacts without inducing local skin ischemia or patient discomfort.